Ventilating apparatus



(No Model.)

H. N. WICKERSHAM.

VBNTILATING APPARATUS.

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Ntra 'raras HENRYN. VVIGKERSHAM, OF VILMINGTON, DELZUVARE.

VENT'ILATING APPARATUS.

'LPCIFECATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 304,887, dated September 9, 1884.

Application filed March 11, ISS-l. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern:

' `ing off the heavy vitiated air from the lower' portions of the apartments and the rareiied foul air from the upper portions of the same, this ventilation being effected without any combustion of fuel and without the aid of ejectors, blowers, or other appliances commonly used for creating drafts.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical section, showing portions of an up.

per and lower apartment with the Ventilating apparatus; and Fig. 2, the apparatus drawn to a reduced scale and applied to a three-story building.

My invention admits of variations in construction and arrangement of parts, as the character of the building to which it is applied and the Vdisposal of apartments therein may suggest; but l will in the first instance describe my invention as successfully carried into effect in 'a two-story public-school house, of which A, Fig. 1, is part of the cellar; B, part of the first-floor apartment; D, part of the second-floor apartment, and E part of the garret, a being the floor and e the ceiling of the first-floor apartment, b the floor and j' the ceiling of the second-floor apartment, and d the garret-lioor.

For Ventilating the upper and lower apartments it is essential, in order to produce the best effect, that there should be twosystems of pipes or passages-one system for the downward escape of the heavy vit-iated air from the two apartments, and theotherfor the ascent and tnal discharge into the atmosphere of both the heavy air and rarefied air. Thus, in Fig. l, there is a pipe, G, composed of two sections, h and z', the former being larger than and extending downward into the latter. The section h has an inlet, my, a short distance above the floor D, for the escape of the heavy and vitiated air from thelower portion of the upper .phere apartment, D, the section having an inlet, a, for the escape of the heavy air from the lower portion of the apartment B. The other system of pipes, H, is composed in the present instance of threeA sections-namely the lowest section, p, communicating through a connection, p', with the lowest section of the system apartment, and the pipe t has an inlet, o, near the ceiling f of the second-Hoor apartment D.

The object of the two systems of pipes may be explained by stating` that if, instead of permitting the heavy vitiated air in the apartment D to enter the inlet m of the pipe 7L, there should be an inlet in the pipe q at a', the system of pipes H would not have the desired Ventilating effect.

I have found in practice that the apartments can be effectually ventilated by the above-described system of pipes without the aid of appliances for creating a draft-such, for instance, as a stove or heater, ejector, blower, or exhaust mechanism-the rush of rarefled air into the inlets w and e and through the pipe H causing a downward current through the pipe G, so that the heavy vitiated air of both apartments passes down the pipes, up through the section p, and into the section q, through which it passes with the rarefied air from the upper portion of the lower apartment into the section t, and through the latter with the rarefied air from the upper por-tion ofthe upper apartment into the external air;

It is essential, in order to produce the best effect, that the two sets of pipes should be graded in size as shown, the pipe t' being of larger area than vthe pipe h, owing to the additional volume of vitiated air which enters the pipe t' at the point where the pipe 7L extends into it. In like manner the pipe q must have a larger area than the pipe p, to afford a free passage forthe heavy vitiated air in addition to the light air admitted at ICO the inlet w, and for the same reason the finaldiseharge pipe t should be larger than the pipe q. It is immaterial what the shapeV of of the pipes or the character of the inlets may be, and the said pipes may be either of sheet metal or of wood or other available material; but in all eases the pipes must be graded in size as set forth, and the inlets for the heavy Vitiated air must be near the floor, and for the rareed air near the eeilin g.

The modification, Fig. 2, illustrating my invention as applied to the Ventilation of apartments in a three-story building, will be understood without explanation.

I claim as my invention- The combination of upper and lower apartments of a building with two systems, G and H, of pipes communicating with eaeh other at their lower ends, and Composed of sections graded in size as described, the system of 2o HENRY N, VICKERSHAM.

`Wi tn esses r JOHN CLAYTON, HARRY SMITH.V 

